Head and shoulders

Reversal shape15 completed examples in the record

What the shape is

Three peaks with the middle one highest, joined by a neckline; the most recognisable formation in technical analysis. It was found fifteen times in nine years here, which is far too few to publish a rate from.

What followed it

HorizonExamplesTextbook directionMedian changeMiddle half
5 bars15too few examples+0.13%-0.38% … +1.37%
10 bars15too few examples-0.33%-1.10% … +1.40%
20 bars15too few examples+1.84%+0.37% … +3.56%
60 bars15too few examples-0.87%-2.21% … +1.31%

10 instruments, 1d / 4h, 2017-08-17 to 2026-07-25 — 182,341 bars and 661 completed formations.

engine v1.0.0 · Record generated 2026-07-25

  • These figures describe past occurrences of the same shape. They are not a projection of this chart.
  • 661 formations is not a large sample, and the instruments are correlated USDT pairs, so the effective sample is smaller still.
  • Below 30 examples no rate is printed at all.
  • Changes are close-to-close and exclude fees, funding and slippage.
  • Medians and quartiles pooled across instruments are sample-weighted approximations, not exact pooled quantiles.
  • A formation is timed from the bar its break became observable, and every change is measured strictly after that bar.
  • Pooled across every instrument and both backtest timeframes.

The same shape, split by interval

Interval 1d

HorizonExamplesTextbook directionMedian changeMiddle half
5 bars1too few examples+5.89%+5.89% … +5.89%
10 bars1too few examples+5.13%+5.13% … +5.13%
20 bars1too few examples+24.39%+24.39% … +24.39%
60 bars1too few examples+33.24%+33.24% … +33.24%

Interval 4h

HorizonExamplesTextbook directionMedian changeMiddle half
5 bars14too few examples-0.28%-0.83% … +1.05%
10 bars14too few examples-0.72%-1.55% … +1.14%
20 bars14too few examples+0.23%-1.35% … +2.07%
60 bars14too few examples-3.31%-4.74% … -0.97%

The backtest covered the daily and 4-hour intervals only. Only one shape reaches the publication floor on the daily, against eight on the 4-hour — so every pooled rate above is in practice a 4-hour statistic. The console scans five intervals; the three not listed here have no historical record at all.

How it is detected

Formations are matched against swing pivots rather than raw bars, so a single spiky candle cannot create one. A pivot is committed only once price reverses by more than 2.5 times ATR(14), floored at 0.8% of price. A detection is reported only at confidence 0.72 or above — the library default, unmodified.

Head and shoulders in crypto: the measured record | Chart Intel